Red light therapy has evolved from a NASA-developed wound healing technology into one of the most researched therapeutic interventions in modern medicine. With over 5,000 peer-reviewed studies examining its effects on everything from skin health to chronic pain, this non-invasive treatment is backed by substantial scientific evidence—though not every claim you’ll find online holds up to scrutiny. As a Registered Massage Therapist and Certified Athletic Therapist, I’ve personally tested these devices and reviewed the research to help you understand what actually works.
Key Takeaways: Red Light Therapy
- Strong Evidence: Skin rejuvenation, wound healing, and hair growth have the most clinical support
- Moderate Evidence: Pain relief for conditions like knee osteoarthritis and tendinopathy
- How It Works: Stimulates mitochondria to produce more ATP (cellular energy), reduces inflammation, improves blood flow
- Optimal Wavelengths: 630-670nm (red) + 810-850nm (near-infrared) for comprehensive treatment
- Treatment Protocol: 10-20 minutes, 3-5x weekly, results typically in 4-8 weeks
- Safety: Very safe when used as directed—no UV radiation, no burns at therapeutic doses
Understanding Red Light Therapy: Expert Overview
Before diving into the science, this video provides an excellent introduction to red light therapy and its potential benefits.
Red light therapy (also called photobiomodulation or low-level light therapy) uses specific wavelengths of red and near-infrared light to stimulate cellular function.
Key Point
Unlike UV light from the sun or tanning beds, red light therapy doesn’t damage skin or increase cancer risk—it operates through an entirely different biological mechanism.
In This Guide
What Is Red Light Therapy?
Red light therapy (RLT), also known as photobiomodulation (PBM) or low-level light therapy (LLLT), is a non-invasive treatment that uses specific wavelengths of red and near-infrared light to stimulate cellular function.
The therapy delivers light energy at wavelengths between 630-850 nanometers, which can penetrate skin tissue to varying depths:
Red Light (630-700nm)
Penetration: 8-10mm into tissue
Best for: Skin conditions, surface-level concerns, collagen production
Near-Infrared (700-850nm)
Penetration: 30-40mm deep
Best for: Muscles, joints, bone tissue, deep healing
A Brief History of Red Light Therapy
1960s: Hungarian scientist Endre Mester discovered therapeutic potential accidentally while studying whether laser light might cause cancer in mice. Instead, the mice grew hair faster and healed wounds more quickly.
1990s: NASA advanced this research using LED technology to promote wound healing and plant growth in space, demonstrating that red and near-infrared light could accelerate healing in astronauts.
Early 2000s: First FDA clearances for light therapy devices were granted.
Today: Photobiomodulation is used in clinical settings worldwide, from dermatology offices to sports medicine facilities.
Not all light is therapeutic. UV light damages DNA, and standard heat (Far Infrared) mainly warms water. Red Light Therapy hits a specific sweet spot.
Stress causes Nitric Oxide (NO) to bind to your mitochondria, blocking oxygen absorption.
Red light photons knock the Nitric Oxide out. Oxygen rushes back in, creating an ATP energy spike.
More is not always better. Too little does nothing; too much can inhibit healing (Arndt-Schultz Law).
Infrared Sauna
Uses Far Infrared (Heat).
Main benefit: Sweating & Detox.
Red Light Therapy
Uses Red/NIR Light.
Main benefit: Cellular Energy.
Sun / Tanning
Uses UV Light.
Creates Vitamin D but damages DNA.
How Does Red Light Therapy Work?
Red light therapy works primarily through its effects on mitochondria—the energy-producing structures within every cell. Understanding this mechanism helps explain why the therapy can influence such diverse conditions, from wrinkles to joint pain.
Gary Brecka on Red Light Therapy
Human biologist Gary Brecka explains the cellular energy benefits of red light therapy in this quick overview.
The Mitochondrial Mechanism
When red and near-infrared light penetrates tissue, it’s absorbed by a molecule called cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), which sits within the mitochondrial electron transport chain. This triggers a cascade of biological effects:
1. Increased ATP Production
CCO activation enhances mitochondrial efficiency, producing more adenosine triphosphate (ATP)—the energy currency cells use for virtually all functions. Enhanced mitochondrial function means cells have more energy for repair and regeneration.
2. Reduced Oxidative Stress
Red light helps dissipate nitric oxide that can inhibit mitochondrial function, while also reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage cells. This creates a more favorable cellular environment for healing.
3. Enhanced Blood Flow
The therapy promotes vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), improving circulation and delivering more oxygen and nutrients to treated tissues. This mechanism is particularly relevant for wound healing and hair growth.
4. Modulated Inflammation
Research shows red light therapy reduces pro-inflammatory markers while promoting anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. This makes it valuable for conditions characterized by chronic inflammation.
Collagen Synthesis
In skin cells, increased ATP production and growth factor signaling stimulate fibroblasts to produce more collagen and elastin—the proteins responsible for skin firmness and elasticity. This is why red light therapy is so effective for anti-aging applications.
Proven Benefits of Red Light Therapy (By Evidence Strength)
Not all red light therapy claims are equally supported by evidence. Here’s what the research actually shows, organized by strength of evidence:
Strong Evidence
Skin Rejuvenation & Anti-Aging
The anti-aging benefits have the strongest research support. A landmark 2014 study followed 136 volunteers and showed statistically significant improvements in skin complexion and increased intradermal collagen density.
Source: DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjaa234
Wound Healing
A 2024 meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials concluded that low-level laser/LED therapy significantly accelerates skin wound healing. Research on diabetic foot ulcers is particularly compelling.
Source: DOI: 10.1007/s10103-025-04366-2
Hair Growth
Red light therapy for hair loss has substantial clinical support. Multiple randomized controlled trials demonstrate that red light at 630-670nm wavelengths can stimulate hair follicles in people with androgenic alopecia (pattern baldness), showing improvements in both hair count and thickness after 4-6 months.
Moderate Evidence
Pain & Inflammation
Research on red light therapy for pain shows promising but mixed results:
- Knee Osteoarthritis: 2024 review found significant pain reduction at rest
- Tendinopathy: Low-to-moderate evidence for pain relief and improved function
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: More mixed results; 2023 review found no significant differences vs. sham
Acne Treatment
A 2025 systematic review in JAMA Dermatology found LED devices reduced acne by approximately 45% over 4-8 weeks. Red light alone is less effective than combination red/blue light therapy, since blue light directly kills acne-causing bacteria while red light primarily reduces inflammation.
Andrew Huberman on Red Light and Dopamine
Neuroscientist Andrew Huberman discusses the potential neurological benefits of red light exposure.
Emerging Evidence
Athletic Performance & Recovery
Studies suggest it may reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and decrease recovery time. However, the 2025 Stanford review noted these applications “lack data” compared to skin and hair benefits.
Mental Health & Sleep
Red light for depression and sleep improvement represents an exciting research frontier, with transcranial photobiomodulation showing particular promise.
Limited/No Evidence
Some popular claims lack scientific support:
- Weight loss (despite marketing claims)
- Cancer treatment
- Cellulite removal (limited evidence)
Additional Conditions Under Study
Research continues exploring red light therapy for:
Types of Red Light Therapy Devices
Red light therapy devices vary significantly in power, size, wavelength, and price. Understanding these differences helps you choose the right option for your needs.
Professional vs. Home Devices
Clinical devices deliver 3-10 times more power than consumer products, which explains why professional treatments often produce faster results.
Professional Sessions
$75-150 per session, 10+ sessions typical
Home Devices
$100-$3,000+ one-time cost, unlimited use
Full-Body Panels
Large LED panels provide coverage for the entire body and typically offer the highest power output among home devices.
Best for: Full-body treatment, versatility, serious users
LED Face Masks
Designed specifically for facial treatment. Look for masks that conform closely to facial contours to minimize light loss.
Best for: Facial skin, convenience, targeted anti-aging
Red Light Therapy Beds
Full-body beds offer ultimate coverage but come with significant cost considerations. Compare beds versus panels.
Best for: Clinics, spas, commercial use
Targeted Devices
Handheld wands, wraps, and targeted devices like the FlexBeam and Bon Charge Mini offer portability.
Best for: Travel, specific areas, joint treatment
Important Note on Masks
A 2024 Korean study found that many LED masks lose up to 90% of their light to reflection because they don’t sit flush against the skin—making device design as important as raw power specifications.
Best Red Light Therapy Panels: Reviews
Kala Red Light — Best Value for Canadians
🇨🇦 EDITOR’S CHOICEKala Red Light is known for competitive pricing and solid specifications, offering both 660nm red and 850nm near-infrared wavelengths. A great option for Canadians looking for value without sacrificing quality.
Pros
- Excellent price-to-performance ratio
- Dual wavelength (660nm + 850nm)
- Canadian company
- Good customer support
Cons
- Newer brand vs. established competitors
- Limited size options compared to some
Mito Red Light — My Personal Choice
🇺🇸 TOP USA PICKI personally own the MitoPRO X 750 and am amazed by its quality. Mito Red Light offers various panel sizes with medical-grade wavelengths at therapeutic power levels.
Platinum LED BioMax — Premium Multi-Wavelength
Platinum LED BioMax is the premium option with high irradiance and multiple wavelengths for comprehensive treatment at various tissue depths.
Rouge Red Light — Great Canadian Value
Rouge Red Light is a Canadian company offering good value panels with no import duties for Canadian buyers.
More Options Worth Considering
Quality option. See our Infraredi vs Kala comparison.
Budget-friendly option with decent specifications.
Mid-range option with good build quality.
Popular LED mask option for facial treatment.
How to Use Red Light Therapy at Home
Proper technique significantly impacts results. Here’s what research and clinical practice suggest:
| Factor | Recommendation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment Distance | 6-18 inches from light | Closer = more energy, smaller area |
| Session Duration | 10-20 minutes | Follow device manufacturer guidelines |
| Frequency | 3-5x per week | Consistency > session length |
| Results Timeline | 4-8 weeks (skin) | Hair growth: 4-6 months |
Do:
- Clean, bare skin (remove makeup, lotions, sunscreen)
- Expose treated areas (clothing blocks light)
- Use protective goggles or keep eyes closed
- Be consistent—regular use beats sporadic longer sessions
- Document starting point with photos for before and after
Don’t:
- Look directly into bright LED panels
- Expect overnight results
- Use through clothing
- Skip sessions (consistency is key)
Safety and Side Effects
Red light therapy is considered very safe when used as directed. It doesn’t use UV radiation and doesn’t cause burns at therapeutic doses.
Common Side Effects (Rare & Mild)
- Temporary redness or warmth
- Mild headache (with transcranial use)
- Eye strain without protective eyewear
Consult Healthcare Provider If:
- Taking photosensitizing medications
- Active cancer (research insufficient)
- Epilepsy (flashing lights may trigger)
- Pregnant (limited safety data)
- Any condition affecting light sensitivity
Does Red Light Therapy Cause Cancer?
There’s no evidence that red light therapy causes cancer. Unlike UV light, red and near-infrared wavelengths don’t damage DNA. Some research even suggests potential protective effects, though this remains under investigation.
Cost Considerations
Professional Sessions
Per session, typically 10+ treatments needed plus ongoing maintenance
Home Devices
One-time cost for unlimited use. Mid-range ($300-800) often best value.
Consider your intended use case, budget for consistent treatment, and whether professional guidance might benefit your specific condition.
Red Light Therapy for Animals
Frequently Asked Questions
Does red light therapy actually work?
Yes, for certain applications. Scientific evidence strongly supports its use for skin rejuvenation, wound healing, and hair growth. Evidence for pain relief is moderate but promising. Claims about weight loss, cellulite removal, and some other uses lack scientific support.
How often should you do red light therapy?
Most protocols recommend 3-5 sessions per week, 10-20 minutes per session. Consistency is more important than session length. Some people use it daily without adverse effects.
How long does it take to see results?
Skin improvements typically appear within 4-8 weeks. Hair growth may take 4-6 months of consistent use. Pain relief can sometimes occur faster, within 2-4 weeks.
Can red light therapy cause cancer?
No. Red light therapy uses non-ionizing radiation that doesn’t damage DNA. It’s fundamentally different from UV light and has no association with cancer development.
Is red light therapy safe for eyes?
Red light at therapeutic levels doesn’t damage eyes like UV light can. However, looking directly into bright LEDs can cause discomfort. Use protective eyewear or keep eyes closed during treatment.
What’s the difference between red light and near-infrared?
Red light (630-700nm) penetrates shallower into tissue and is better for skin-level concerns. Near-infrared (700-850nm) penetrates deeper and is better for muscles, joints, and deeper tissues. Many devices combine both wavelengths.
Can you do red light therapy every day?
Yes, daily use is generally safe. Some people use it twice daily without issues. However, there’s no evidence that more frequent use produces faster or better results—consistency over time matters most.
Does red light therapy work through clothes?
No. Fabric blocks red light. Treated areas should be exposed for optimal results.
Will red light therapy help with wrinkles?
Yes. Multiple controlled studies show red light therapy increases collagen production and reduces wrinkle depth when used consistently over several months.
Can red light therapy regrow hair?
It can stimulate growth in thinning hair by improving blood flow to follicles. However, it cannot revive completely dead follicles—it works best for early-stage hair loss.
Is red light therapy the same as infrared sauna?
No. Red light therapy uses specific wavelengths to trigger cellular responses without significant heat. Infrared saunas use infrared heat to raise body temperature. They work through different mechanisms, though both may have health benefits.
The Bottom Line on Red Light Therapy
Red light therapy represents a legitimate, science-backed therapeutic approach for specific conditions—particularly skin rejuvenation, wound healing, and hair growth. The research supporting these applications is substantial and continues to grow.
Strong Evidence
Skin rejuvenation, wound healing, hair growth
Moderate Evidence
Pain relief (varies by condition), acne treatment
Emerging Research
Athletic recovery, mental health, sleep
Choose quality devices with appropriate wavelengths (630-670nm red + 810-850nm near-infrared), use them consistently, and give treatments 8-12 weeks minimum. Approach dramatic marketing claims with healthy skepticism.
Medical Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Red light therapy should not replace professional medical treatment. Consult your healthcare provider before starting any new treatment, especially if you have underlying health conditions. Individual results may vary.
Affiliate Disclosure: This page contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase through these links, I may earn a commission at no additional cost to you. I only recommend products I personally use and believe in.
Last updated: January 2025
Daryl Stubbs
RMT • Certified Athletic Therapist • Holistic Nutritionist
Daryl Stubbs is the founder of Sync Therapy and an 8-time award-winning clinician. With over a decade of experience since graduating in 2013, Daryl specializes in combining hands-on massage therapy with advanced innovations like red-light therapy, hydrogen water and PEMF. He helps clients in Colwood, Langford, and Victoria, BC move better and reduce pain through targeted rehab and gut-health protocols.
Credentials & Recognition:
- Bachelor of Athletic & Exercise Therapy (Camosun College)
- Voted "Best Massage Clinic" & "Best Rehab Clinic" (Community Votes, 2022–Present)